Six Types of Training and Development Methods
公開日:2022/04/10 / 最終更新日:2022/04/10
1.On-the-job Training and Lectures
The two most often used kinds of training are on-the-job training and lectures, although little research exists as to the effectiveness of either. It’s usually unattainable to show somebody everything she needs to know at a location away from the workplace. Thus on-the-job training often supplements different kinds of training, e.g., classroom or off-site training; however on-the-job training is often the only form of training. It’s normally informal, which means, sadly, that the trainer doesn’t concentrate on the training as much as she ought to, and the trainer might not have a well-articulated picture of what the novice needs to learn.
On-the-job training isn’t successful when used to avoid creating a training program, though it could be an effective a part of a well-coordinated training program.
Lectures are used because of their low cost and their capacity to succeed in many people. Lectures, which use one-way communication as opposed to interactive learning strategies, are a lot criticized as a training device.
2. Programmed Instruction (PI)
These devices systematically present information to the learner and elicit a response; they use reinforcement principles to promote appropriate responses. When PI was initially developed in the 1950s, it was regarded as helpful only for basic subjects. Right now the tactic is used for skills as various as air site visitors control, blueprint reading, and the evaluation of tax returns.
3. Computer-Assisted Instruction (CAI)
With CAI, students can learn at their own pace, as with PI. Because the student interacts with the pc, it is believed by many to be a more dynamic learning device. Academic options may be quickly chosen to suit the student’s capabilities, and efficiency can be monitored continuously. As instruction proceeds, data are gathered for monitoring and improving performance.
4. Audiovisual Techniques
Both television and film lengthen the range of skills that may be taught and the way information could also be presented. Many systems have digital blackboards and slide projection equipment. Using techniques that mix audiovisual systems corresponding to closed circuit television and telephones has spawned a new time period for this type of training, teletraining. The feature on ” Sesame Street ” illustrates the design and evaluation of one in every of television’s favorite children’s program as a training device.
5. Simulations
Training simulations replicate the essential traits of the real world which are essential to produce both learning and the switch of new knowledge and skills to application settings. Both machine and other types of simulators exist. Machine simulators often have substantial degrees of. physical fidelity; that is, they characterize the real world’s operational equipment. The main function of simulation, nevertheless, is to produce psychological fidelity, that is, to reproduce within the training these processes that might be required on the job. We simulate for a number of reasons, including to regulate the training atmosphere, for safety, to introduce feedback and different learning ideas, and to reduce cost.
6. Business games
They’re the direct progeny of war games which were used to train officers in combat strategies for hundreds of years. Nearly all early enterprise games had been designed to teach basic enterprise skills, however more latest games also embrace interpersonal skills. Monopoly is likely to be considered the quintessential business game for young capitalists. It is probably the primary place kids learned the words mortgage, taxes, and go to jail.
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