Why are women living longer than men?
公開日:2022/03/05 / 最終更新日:2022/03/05
Everywhere in the world women live longer than men – but this was not always the case. The available data from rich countries shows that women didn’t live longer than men in the 19th century. What’s the reason women live longer than men? What is the reason has this advantage gotten larger as time passes? The evidence is sketchy and we only have some solutions. We know that behavioral, biological and environmental factors play a role in the fact that women live longer than men; but we don’t know exactly what the contribution of each of these factors is.
We are aware that women are living longer than men, regardless of their weight. But it is not because of certain biological factors have changed. What are these factors that have changed? Some are well known and relatively straightforward, like the fact that men smoke more often. Some are more complex. For example, there is evidence that in rich countries the female advantage increased in part because infectious diseases used to affect women disproportionately a century ago, so advances in medicine that reduced the long-term health burden from infectious diseases, especially for survivors, ended up raising women’s longevity disproportionately.
Everywhere in the world women tend to live longer than men
The first chart below shows life expectancy at birth for men and women. We can see that all countries are over the diagonal line of parity. This means that a newborn girl in every country can anticipate to live longer than her younger brother.
This chart is interesting in that it shows that although the female advantage exists across all countries, the cross-country differences are large. In Russia women are 10 years older than men. In Bhutan the difference is less than half one year.
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The advantage for women in life expectancy was much lower in the richer countries than it is now.
Let’s look at how the advantage of women in longevity has changed over time. The chart below illustrates the gender-based and female-specific life expectancy at birth in the US from 1790 to 2014. Two specific points stand out.
The first is that there is an upward trend. and women in the US live much, much longer today than a century ago. This is in line with historical increases in life expectancy everywhere in the world.
The gap is getting wider: Kraftzone.tk/w/index.php?title=User:BrooksBartholome Although the advantage of women in life expectancy was once extremely small, it has increased substantially in the past.
When you click on the option “Change country in the chart, you can determine if these two points also apply to the other countries having available information: Sweden, France and the UK.
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