FULL GAMS 23.5.1 (General Algebraic Modeling System, 32bit), full lic<\/a><\/p>\nIntroduction<\/p>\n
Electromagnetism is the study of electromagnetic fields and their electromagnetic forces<\/p>\n
The problem of electromagnetism was formulated by the British mathematician and physicist James Clerk Maxwell. His equations allowed scientists to calculate the behavior of electrically charged particles, such as electrons and the positively charged protons of subatomic particles, and could explain a wide variety of observed phenomena. They were a great step forward in the study of electromagnetism and are considered his most important contribution to physics.<\/p>\n
Clerk Maxwell’s theory is sometimes called classical electromagnetism, because it assumes that the speed of light is constant. It is commonly contrasted with quantum electromagnetism, which describes quantum phenomena and does not assume that light is a wave.<\/p>\n
Elements<\/p>\n
Electric charge can be seen as a vector quantity, which can be represented by a sign, and an amount of the charge, E. The sign is positive for the electric charge which is associated with the electron (the negative sign indicates that the electron is moving in the opposite direction of the electric current) and negative for the protons.<\/p>\n
A charge, q, is associated to a point in space, by the mapping :<\/p>\n
The amount, E, of charge at the point p is associated to the energy of the charge that builds up at the point p.<\/p>\n
The problem of electromagnetism is formulated in the following way.<\/p>\n
The electromagnetic field F is given by a function of the coordinates x, y, z and t. This function is identified by the general law for the force that act on the point q, the Maxwell’s equation. This equation expresses the fact that the force is directed along the direction of the field F,<\/p>\n
The electric and magnetic fields can be represented by the vectors E and B. Their amount at the point p is given by the two scalar quantities:<\/p>\n
Each vector is a function of the coordinates of the point p and of the time t. In the Maxwell’s equation (1), the electric and magnetic fields are represented by scalar quantities (as E and B), but the field itself is represented by a function of the position. This is explained by the polarization of the field and the dependence of the field on the state of polarization. In fact, there are two kinds of fields: electric and magnetic. These are<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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